MP Board Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries

Manufacturing Industries – Important Questions with Answers

1. What is manufacturing?
Answer: Manufacturing is the process of producing goods in large quantities using raw materials and machines, usually in factories, to add value to natural resources.

2. Why is manufacturing important for India?
Answer: Manufacturing promotes economic growth, employment, reduces dependence on imports, supports agriculture, and enhances national income and self-reliance.

3. What is the contribution of manufacturing to the Indian economy?
Answer: Manufacturing contributes about 16% to India’s GDP, plays a key role in exports, and drives development through industrialization and infrastructure growth.

4. How does manufacturing help in modernizing agriculture?
Answer: Manufacturing provides tools, fertilizers, machines, and irrigation equipment, which improve productivity and efficiency in the agricultural sector.

5. What are agro-based industries? Give examples.
Answer: Agro-based industries use agricultural products as raw materials. Examples include textiles (cotton), sugar, paper, and vegetable oil industries.

6. What are mineral-based industries?
Answer: These industries use minerals and metals as raw materials. Examples include iron and steel, cement, aluminium, and petrochemical industries.

7. What is the role of the textile industry in India?
Answer: It is the largest industry in terms of employment after agriculture, contributes to exports, foreign exchange, and has a rich traditional base.

8. Which factors influence the location of industries?
Answer: Key factors include raw materials, power supply, water, labour, transport, capital, and market availability, all affecting industrial success.

9. Name the major industrial regions of India.
Answer:

1. Mumbai-Pune Region

2. Hugli Region

3. Bangalore-Tamil Nadu Region

4. Gujarat Region

5. Chotanagpur Plateau Region

10. What are small-scale industries?
Answer: These industries are labour-intensive, use limited capital and resources, and often work at a local level, like handicrafts, weaving, and food processing.

11. What are the problems faced by cotton textile industry?
Answer: Problems include power shortage, obsolete machines, low productivity, stiff global competition, and fluctuations in raw cotton availability.

12. Name two centres each for cotton and woollen textiles.
Answer:

• Cotton: Mumbai, Ahmedabad

• Woollen: Ludhiana, Srinagar

13. What is the importance of the iron and steel industry?
Answer: It is the basic industry providing raw materials for machinery, construction, defence, and other industries, forming the backbone of industrial development.

14. Name two major steel plants in India.
Answer:

1. Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh)

2. Tata Steel Plant (Jamshedpur, Jharkhand)

15. What are the challenges faced by iron and steel industry?
Answer: Key challenges include high cost of inputs, outdated technology, low labour productivity, and limited access to high-grade ore and coking coal.

16. What is the significance of the chemical industry?
Answer: The chemical industry produces fertilizers, acids, plastics, synthetic fibres, and supports agriculture, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and other industries.

17. What are the types of chemical industries?
Answer:

• Heavy chemicals: sulphuric acid, nitric acid

• Light chemicals: cosmetics, plastics, paints, soaps

18. Why is the cement industry important?
Answer: Cement is essential for construction of buildings, bridges, roads, dams, and is a major indicator of a country’s infrastructure development.

19. Name any two major cement producing states in India.
Answer: Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh are major cement producers due to availability of limestone, the key raw material.

20. What is the IT industry and where is it concentrated?
Answer: IT industry involves software development, services, and BPOs. It is concentrated in Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, and Gurugram.

21. What are the environmental problems caused by industries?
Answer: Industries cause air, water, and land pollution, leading to health issues, deforestation, habitat loss, and contribute to global warming.

22. How do industries contribute to water pollution?
Answer: Industries discharge toxic chemicals, oils, dyes, and heavy metals into water bodies, harming aquatic life and contaminating drinking water sources.

23. How can we reduce industrial pollution?
Answer: By using clean technologies, treating waste, recycling, proper disposal of chemicals, and following environmental regulations and monitoring systems.

24. What is NTPC and what does it do?
Answer: National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) is India’s largest power company, promoting energy efficiency, and committed to environmental protection in power generation.

25. Suggest two measures to promote sustainable industrial development.
Answer:

1. Encourage eco-friendly and energy-efficient technologies

2. Strict enforcement of environmental laws and corporate responsibility